Glossary
Discover our glossary! Find out everything about color measurement, color standards and spectrophotometers. Simply explained, practical and to the point. Perfect for beginners and experts!
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- CIE 1976 L*a*b Colour SpaceThe CIE L*, a*, b* color space (from 1976) most closely corresponds to human color perception. Unlike the XYZ color space, it is equidistant and consists of the brightness axis L*, the red/green axis a*, and the yellow/blue axis b*. Based on the opponent color theory, the coordinates in the... Mehr lesen
- CIE, Commission Internationale de l'ÉclairageTranslated: International Commission on Illumination. It establishes global standards for color measurement and color definitions. Mehr lesen
- CIE Standard Colour Matching System and CIE Standard Colour ChartThe Tristimulus values can be normalized into the so-called standard color components or standard chromaticity values, x and y, as follows: x = X / (X + Y + Z) ; y = Y / (X + Y + Z); (z = Z / (X + Y + Z)) Since x + y + z = 1, z does not need to be explicitly calculated, because it is given by:... Mehr lesen
- CIE Standard IlluminantsThe CIE standard illuminants are artificial light sources defined by the CIE whose radiation closely approximates the CIE standard illuminants A, C, and D65.Standard illuminants are light types standardized by the CIE, each defined by a specific spectrum. The choice of an illuminant is used in... Mehr lesen
- CIE Standard Light SourcesArtificial light sources defined by the CIE, whose radiation closely approximates the CIE standard illuminants such as A, F, and D65. Mehr lesen
- CIE Standard ObserverThe CIE 2° and 10° standard observers refer to two different test configurations used to standardize human color perception for instrumental measurements. The goal of these tests was to determine the specific intensities of red, green, and blue light required to match the color impression of... Mehr lesen
- CIE Tristimulus SystemTo relate human color perception to the physical color stimulus, the CIE developed a color space in 1931 based on a coordinate system. This system was called the Yxy color space or the Tristimulus color space. The system was based on measurement values relative to an averaged observer with a 2°... Mehr lesen
- CMCThe CMC (Colour Measurement Committee of the Society of Dyers and Colourists of Great Britain) established an equation in 1984, based on LCh values. Its application area is primarily the textile industry, which is why, in addition to the factors of lightness and saturation, a "commercial factor"... Mehr lesen
- ColourColor is perceived by the human eye when light strikes a surface and is reflected. White light is partly reflected and partly absorbed. Depending on the amount of light reflected, we perceive a specific color. This process occurs in the brain after the eye (and its cones) are stimulated by... Mehr lesen
- Colour DetectionThe recognition of a rough color difference is also possible without a spectrophotometer, whether through a trained eye or with the help of color matching booths. The objective color impression, which provides comparable and precise values for industry, can only be made with standardized color... Mehr lesen
- Colour distanceColor distance quantifies the difference between two colors. It is often expressed through the ΔE value (Delta E), which measures the difference in the color coordinates of two colors in the color space. A ΔE value of 0 indicates no deviation, while higher values indicate greater differences.... Mehr lesen
- Colour DifferenceA comparison of a sample to the standard based on color difference data such as Delta E, Delta E*, Delta C, Delta C*, Delta E CMC, etc. If the color scale L*, a*, b* is used, the Delta values represent lighter/darker, red/green, or yellow/blue. If the LCh color scale is used, the values... Mehr lesen
- Colour ImpressionThe colour impression is created when only certain wavelengths are absorbed from white light. For example, if a sample absorbs light in the range of 520 to 570 nm, it will appear green to the human eye. Mehr lesen
- Colour MeasurementIn color measurement, color can be captured with numerical values using spectrophotometers or tristimulus colorimeters. This allows for the detection of subtle color nuances and the definition of a color impression. Important components in color measurement include: color space, light source,... Mehr lesen
- Colour Measurement InstrumentsFor industrial color measurement, either spectrophotometers or colorimeters are used. A spectrophotometer measures the remission values of visible light across the entire spectrum. With these values, the exact color location and color deviations can be defined. The most precise... Mehr lesen
- Colour NumberA color number is an index used for specific industrial applications, such as the Gardner color number or APHA for the pharmaceutical industry. Color numbers are pre-stored on the color measurement device according to standards. Using reference values, comparisons can be made until the exact... Mehr lesen
- Colour SensationThe cause of color sensation is the color stimulus, while the effect is the perception of color. According to the physicist Helmholtz, color sensation is defined by hue, saturation, and brightness. In the CIE L*, a*, b* color space, these are represented by the coordinates L* (for brightness),... Mehr lesen
- Colour SpaceA three-dimensional representation of all colors that can be represented in a color model. Examples include: CIE L*, a*, b*, CIE XYZ, CIE LCh, and Hunter L, a, b. Other color spaces include RGB, CMYK, LMS, and HSV. Mehr lesen
- Colour StimulusThe color stimulus is the cause of the perception and interpretation of color. It always originates from a light source and stimulates the retina of the human eye. A color stimulus refers to electromagnetic radiation that enters the eye and triggers color perception through direct stimulation... Mehr lesen
- ConesThe basis of colorimetry is the spectral absorption curve, which results from the stimulation of all three types of cones located in the central area of the retina. Cones are light-sensitive cells in the human retina that are responsible for color vision. There are three types of cones, each... Mehr lesen
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